TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE: THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UNKNOWN

Trimethylamine N-Oxide: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small colorless amine oxide generated from choline, betaine, and carnitine by gut microbial metabolism.It accumulates in the tissue of marine animals in high concentrations and protects against the protein-destabilizing effects of urea.Plasma level of TMAO is determined by a number of factors including diet, gut m

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Skeletal convergence in thunniform sharks, ichthyosaurs, whales, and tunas, and its possible ecological links through the marine ecosystem evolution

Abstract Tunas, lamnid sharks, modern whales, Server and derived ichthyosaurs converged on the thunniform body plan, with a fusiform body, lunate caudal fin, compressed peduncle, and peduncle joint.This evolutionary convergence has been studied for a long time but little is known about whether all four clades share any skeletal characteristics.Comp

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